{"id":12051,"date":"2025-01-24T15:08:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T12:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/?p=12051"},"modified":"2025-01-24T14:46:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T11:46:03","slug":"haksiz-fiillerde-kusur-ve-sorumluluk-degerlendirmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/haksiz-fiillerde-kusur-ve-sorumluluk-degerlendirmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"HAKSIZ F\u0130\u0130LLERDE KUSUR VE SORUMLULUK DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p> <\/p>\n

Kusur sorumlulu\u011funun do\u011fabilmesi i\u00e7in bulunmas\u0131 gereken unsurlar; Fiil, Zarar, Uygun \u0130lliyet Ba\u011f\u0131, Kusur, Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

TBK m. 49\/1 uyar\u0131nca \u201cKusurlu ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na zarar veren, bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/b><\/i> Mezk\u00fbr maddede yer alan \u201chukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil\u201d in kapsam\u0131 yaln\u0131zca kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k \u015feklinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir. Keza TBK m.49\/2\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 hukuk ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cZarar verici fiili yasaklayan bir hukuk kural\u0131 bulunmasa bile, ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na kasten zarar veren de bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/b><\/i> \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kusur unsurunun istisnas\u0131 yani kusursuz sorumluluk halleri; kanunda tahdidi olarak say\u0131lan hakkaniyet, \u00f6zen (adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, hayvan bulunduran\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu) ve tehlike sorumlulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

Kusur sorumlulu\u011fu ve kusursuz sorumluluk halleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen sorumluluk hali ise idare hukukunda tanzim edilen \u201csosyal risk\u201d ilkesince sorumluluktur.<\/p>\n

Tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tanzim edilen bir bilirki\u015fi raporu genellikle hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar \u00fczerinde durmakta ise de asl\u0131nda salt etken hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fil ayr\u0131ca nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir kazada, kaza alkol etkisinden kaynaklanmam\u0131\u015fsa alkoll\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc zararl\u0131 sonu\u00e7tan sorumlu tutulmaz. Yahut ana yolda seyreden bir ara\u00e7 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131yor, tali yoldan \u00e7\u0131kan ara\u00e7 ise anayolu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kadar iyi kontrol etmedi ve bu neticede tali yoldan \u00e7\u0131kan arac\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki kimseler \u00f6ld\u00fc. Burada tali yoldan \u00e7\u0131kan arac\u0131n, anayolda y\u00fcksek h\u0131zla seyreden arac\u0131 alg\u0131layabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve normal h\u0131zda seyir etmesi halinde \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc sonucun ya\u015fanmayaca\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi ise bu durumda \u00f6l\u00fcm sonucundan as\u0131l sorumlu olan ki\u015fi anayolda seyreden s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131 kavram\u0131na hukuk literat\u00fcr\u00fcne ait oldu\u011fundan bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmasa dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kusur de\u011ferlendirmesi her olay bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelikle yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r . Bkz; \u201c\u0130nceledi\u011fim bir olayda apandisit ameliyat\u0131 olan ki\u015fiye bir hem\u015fire a\u011fr\u0131 kesici i\u011fne yapm\u0131\u015f, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayak durumu denilen sakatl\u0131k meydana gelmi\u015f; bununi\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan davada Adli T\u0131p \u0130htisas Kurulu, hastanenin savunmas\u0131na dayanarak i\u011fnenin do\u011fru yere yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bunun bir komplikasyon oldu\u011fu, hem\u015firenin ve hastanenin bir kusuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde rapor vermi\u015f; rapora itirazlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in Adli T\u0131p Genel Kurulu, d\u00f6rt kar\u015f\u0131 oya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funluk oyuyla i\u011fnenin do\u011fru yere yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun bir komplikasyon oldu\u011fu, hem\u015firenin ve hastanenin kusuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani apandisit ameliyat\u0131 olmak \u00fczere hastaneye yatan davac\u0131, hastaneden topallayarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkeme Adli T\u0131p raporlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, y\u00fczde y\u00fcz kusur oran\u0131 \u00fczerinden tazminata h\u00fckmetmi\u015f, Yarg\u0131tay onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, hastane ve hekim hatalar\u0131 nedeniyle verilen olumsuz raporlara bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcreterek \u201cHekimin y\u00fcksek \u00f6zen borcu nedeniyle en hafif kusurundan bile tam kusurlu say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u201d bi\u00e7iminde kararlar vererek t\u0131bbi hatadan zarar g\u00f6renleri koruma ve kollamay\u0131 ye\u011flemi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/b><\/i>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Kusur de\u011ferlendirmesi hukuk\u00e7u bilirki\u015fi atamas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade etmeyen hukuk gere\u011fi olarak hukuk\u00e7ular taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lam\u0131yorsa da hukuk\u00e7u bilirki\u015finin hukuki terimleri daha iyi muhakeme edebilecek olmas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fchimdir.<\/p>\n

\n

1<\/a>\u0002<\/sup> BOR\u00c7LAR HUKUKUNUN G\u00dcNCEL SORUNLARI, Av. Hakan TOKBA\u015e, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131, syf 74-75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.  Kusur sorumlulu\u011funun do\u011fabilmesi i\u00e7in bulunmas\u0131 gereken unsurlar; Fiil, Zarar, Uygun \u0130lliyet Ba\u011f\u0131, Kusur, Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. TBK m. 49\/1 uyar\u0131nca \u201cKusurlu ve hukuka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":12052,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12051\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}