{"id":12593,"date":"2025-02-08T13:04:31","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T10:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/?p=12593"},"modified":"2025-02-12T15:06:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:06:54","slug":"borclar-hukukunda-hata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/borclar-hukukunda-hata\/","title":{"rendered":"BOR\u00c7LAR HUKUKUNDA HATA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

BOR\u00c7LAR HUKUKUNDA HATA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk hukukunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde esas olan ilke irade serbesitesi ilkesidir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131 as\u0131l iradelerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya da s\u00f6zl\u00fc beyanlar\u0131 ile ortaya koyarlar. Nitekim hukuki i\u015flemin kurulmas\u0131 iradenin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken taraflardan birinin i\u015flem iradesinin olu\u015fum veya beyan\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sakatl\u0131klara irade bozuklu\u011fu denir. (Eren, F.: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 22. Bask\u0131., Ankara 2017, s. 392).\u00a0\u0130rade bozukluklar\u0131 TBK madde 30 \u2013 39 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

TBK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen ve irade bozukluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan hata; her zaman s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi sonucunu do\u011furmaz. Burada esasl\u0131 ve esasl\u0131 olmayan hata olmak \u00fczere bir ayr\u0131m yapmak gerekmektedir. Esasl\u0131 hata halleri TBK madde 31\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fken madde 32 ile saikte hata d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Saikte hata kural olarak esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lma olarak say\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak baz\u0131 hallerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde saikte hata d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde esasl\u0131 hata olarak de\u011ferlendirilecektir. <\/span><\/p>\n

A- Taraflar\u0131ndan biri s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapma arzusunun olu\u015fmas\u0131na etki yapan bir hususta yan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B- Yan\u0131lma konusu husus yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konuyu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin temeli saymal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

C-Yan\u0131lma konusu saik kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u00e7a bilinebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Saikte yan\u0131lman\u0131n bu hali temelde yan\u0131lma olarak isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. Temel yan\u0131lmas\u0131nda, i\u015flem iradesi ile beyan aras\u0131nda bir uygunsuzluk yoktur. Beyan, iradeye uygundur. Fakat irade olu\u015fum safhas\u0131nda sakatlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esasen bu y\u00fczdendir ki temel yan\u0131lmas\u0131 her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bir saik yan\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Temel yan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lma olarak kabul edilmesinin sebebi, hakkaniyet fikridir. (Eren, s.402 ).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

HATA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

ESASLI HATA ESASLI OLMAYAN HATA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(SA\u0130K HATASI) <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

BEYAN HATASI TEMEL YANILMASI <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

ESASLI HATA \u2013 BEYAN HATASI<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Esasl\u0131 hata halleri basit\u00e7e tan\u0131mlan\u0131rsa saikte hata d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan hatalar olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 31. Maddesinde esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lma halleri 5 bent halinde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011finde yan\u0131lma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Konuda yan\u0131lma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Ki\u015fide yan\u0131lma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Miktarda yan\u0131lma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    S\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kimli\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nan ki\u015fide yan\u0131lma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    \n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Genel olarak, bir kimse genellikle dikkatsizlik sonucu ger\u00e7ek iradesine uymayan bir beyanda bulunur. Fakat yan\u0131larak beyanda bulunan kimsenin yasa taraf\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, yan\u0131lman\u0131n mazur g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir mahiyette olmas\u0131 gerekmez. Gerekli olan, yan\u0131lman\u0131n esasl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eu h\u00e2lde, esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lma, yan\u0131lman\u0131n mahiyetiyle de\u011fil, fakat yasa taraf\u0131ndan kendisine bir iptal ( bozma ) h\u00fckm\u00fc ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ile ilgilidir ( Tun\u00e7oma\u011f, s.336 ).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Niteli\u011finde Yan\u0131lma: G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte kurulan s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc ile kurulmak istenilen s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn birbirinden farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin esasl\u0131 hataya d\u00fc\u015fen taraf\u0131n iradesi vard\u0131r ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fme bu iradeye uygun olmayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lma h\u00e2llerinden ikincisi s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin konusunda yan\u0131lmad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Konusunda Yan\u0131lma: Esasl\u0131 hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015finin ger\u00e7ekte istedi\u011finden ba\u015fka bir konu i\u00e7in irade beyan\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      S\u00f6zle\u015fmede Kar\u015f\u0131 Taraf\u0131n Kimli\u011finde Hata: Hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015finin s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapma iradesini, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yapmak istedi\u011fi ki\u015fiden ba\u015fkaca bir ki\u015fiye a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      Miktarda Yan\u0131lma: S\u00f6zle\u015fmede hataya d\u00fc\u015fen taraf\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte \u00fcstlenmek istedi\u011fi miktardan fazla ya da ger\u00e7ekte istedi\u011fi miktardan az edim iradesi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r. Basit hesap hatas\u0131 miktar hatas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 durumu ifade etmez. Basit hesap hatas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi etkilenmez, hatan\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi yeterlidir. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    5. \n

      S\u00f6zle\u015fme Yap\u0131l\u0131rken Kimli\u011fi G\u00f6z \u00d6n\u00fcne Al\u0131nan Ki\u015fide Yan\u0131lma: S\u00f6zle\u015fmede hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015finin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yaparken belirli nitelikleri olan bir ki\u015fiyi dikkate almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fi i\u00e7in iradesini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      ESASLI HATA NEDEN\u0130YLE S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMEN\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      Esasl\u0131 hata beyan yan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve temel yan\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      TBK\u2019n\u0131n 39. Maddesine g\u00f6re; Yan\u0131lma veya aldatma sebebiyle ya da korkutulma sonucunda s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapan taraf, <\/span>yan\u0131lma veya aldatmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi ya da korkutman\u0131n etkisinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmez veya verdi\u011fi \u015feyi geri istemezse, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi onam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      Hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarken hi\u00e7bir \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131na tabi de\u011fildir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 ile ba\u011fda\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 34. Maddesine g\u00f6re:\u00a0\u201cYan\u0131lan, yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ileri s\u00fcremez.\u00a0 \u00d6zellikle di\u011fer taraf\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yan\u0131lan\u0131n kastetti\u011fi anlamda kurulmas\u0131na raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirmesi durumunda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme bu anlamda kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMEN\u0130N \u0130PTAL ED\u0130LMES\u0130 HAL\u0130NDE KAR\u015eI TARAFIN ZARARI <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      Kusurun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin iptaline engel te\u015fkil etmez. Kusuru bulunan ki\u015fi bu durumda zarar\u0131 gidermekle m\u00fckelleftir. Bu durum TBK 35 ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 35. Maddesine g\u00f6re:\u00a0\u201cYan\u0131lan, yan\u0131lmas\u0131nda kusurlu ise, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden do\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, di\u011fer taraf yan\u0131lmay\u0131 biliyor veya bilmesi gerekiyorsa, tazminat istenemez.\u00a0H\u00e2kim, hakkaniyetin gerektirdi\u011fi durumlarda, ifadan beklenen yarar\u0131 a\u015fmamak kayd\u0131yla, daha fazla tazminata h\u00fckmedebilir.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00d6ZK\u00d6K HUKUK B\u00dcROSU<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      AV. EYLEM ALTUN TEKE<\/b><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Sorry, this entry is only available in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.BOR\u00c7LAR HUKUKUNDA HATA T\u00fcrk hukukunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde esas olan ilke irade serbesitesi ilkesidir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131 as\u0131l iradelerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya da s\u00f6zl\u00fc beyanlar\u0131 ile ortaya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":12595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12593"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12593\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozkokhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}